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Back to NEISS Data Home, Hospital Data.
Number Of Accidents (Estimate): 2,118
See also: Other years, Other products, Other body parts.
National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Accidents Records
Date: 12/18/2004 | Age: 20 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
MC FX-SLAMMED HAND DOWN ON COUNTER-@ HOME |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 12/05/2004 | Age: 27 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LEFT PALM LACERASTION.PT LACERATED PALM ON A BROKEN COUNTER TOP. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 12/03/2004 | Age: 27 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Counters or countertops |
RIGHT HAND CELL. PT SLAMMED HAND ON A COUNTER AT HOME. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 11/23/2004 | Age: 13 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
CONTUSION HAND - 13 YOM TRIPPED AND FELL HITTING HIS RIGHT HAND ON THE COUNTER TOP |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 11/19/2004 | Age: 29 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Other public property | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops, Floors or flooring materials |
PT FELL OFF COUNTER ONTO CONCRETE FLOOR AT JAIL. DX: L FIFTH METACARPAL FX, FACE/NOSE CONT. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 11/19/2004 | Age: 11 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
HAND LACERATION, CUT ON COUNTER TOP |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 11/17/2004 | Age: 38 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
HIT HAND ON COUNTER - FRACTURE HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 11/12/2004 | Age: 35 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Strain, Sprain |
Product: Counters or countertops |
35 YOF STRUCK R HAND ON CORNER OF COUNTER AT HOME. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 11/07/2004 | Age: 40 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT ACCIDENTLY HIT RT HAND ON EDGE OF COUNTER, CONTUSION HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 11/04/2004 | Age: 31 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
STATES SHE HIT HAND ON COUNTER TOP DX RT HAND CONTUSION |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/25/2004 | Age: 76 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT WITH HAND SWELLING X 3 DAYS. BUMPED HAND ON KITCHEN COUNTER. D: HAND ABSCESS. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/25/2004 | Age: 38 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Strain, Sprain |
Product: Counters or countertops |
JAMMED HAND ON COUNTER TOP DX: R HAND SPRAIN |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/20/2004 | Age: 35 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Hematoma |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT HIT HAND ON COUNTER. DX: HEMATOMA L HAND/WRIST, ULNAR NERVE NEUROPRAXIA. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/19/2004 | Age: 28 years | Sex: Female | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LEFT HAND CONT. PT FELL AND HIT HAND ON A COUNTER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/16/2004 | Age: 32 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT HIT COUNTER. DX: R PROXIMAL FIFTH METACARPAL FX. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/11/2004 | Age: 28 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Counters or countertops |
ACCIDENTLY JAMMED RT 2ND FINGER INTO COUNTER @ HOME. RT HAND INJURY |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/14/2004 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops, Knives |
PT REACHED ON COUNTER TODAY, GRABBED KNIFE & CUT HAND. DX: 2 CM LACERATION L HAND. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/02/2004 | Age: 27 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
HAND LAC, PT CUT HAND WHEN SITTING IT IN BROKEN GLASS ON COUNTER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/01/2004 | Age: 74 years | Sex: Female | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
FX R HAND, PT STS SLIPPED, FELL DOWN & STRUCK A COUNTER IN THE KITCHEN, C/O MODERATE PAIN, ECCHYMOSIS, LIMITED ROM, NO VASCULAR COMP. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/12/2004 | Age: 25 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Counters or countertops |
25 YEAR OLD MALE HIT HAND ON COUNTER AT HOMEHAND INJURY |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/10/2004 | Age: 35 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
RIGHT HAND FX. PT FELL HITTING HAND ON COUNTER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/08/2004 | Age: 49 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT HIT HAND ON COUNTER. DX: R HAND CONT. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/06/2004 | Age: 35 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LEFT HAND FX. PT FELL INTO A COUNTER INJURING HAND, |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 07/29/2004 | Age: 35 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops, Floors or flooring materials |
LEFT HAND CONT. PT SLIPPED ON WET FLOOR AND HIT HAND ON A COUNTER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 07/22/2004 | Age: 44 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LEFT HAND FX. PT HIT A COUNTER INJURING HAND, |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 07/11/2004 | Age: 39 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT. PUNCHED COUNTER TOP INJURING HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/27/2004 | Age: 10 years | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Strain, Sprain |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PAIN TO R HAND, FELL AGAINST BAR WHILE PLAYING DX: R HAND SPRAIN |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/25/2004 | Age: 40 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
HAND FX LEFT. PT STRUCK COUNTER INJURING HAND, |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/15/2004 | Age: 27 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LEFT HAND CONT. PT HIT HAND AGAINST A COUNTER AT HOME. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/09/2004 | Age: 12 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT CUT HAND ON COUNTER DX: LAC HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/06/2004 | Age: 42 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Counters or countertops |
SLIPPED YESTERDAY AND HAND HIT COUNTER DX HAND TRAMA |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 05/25/2004 | Age: 24 years | Sex: Female | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops, Floors or flooring materials |
LEFT HAND FX. PT SLIPPED ON FLOOR AND STRUCK HAND ON A COUNTERTOP |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 05/24/2004 | Age: 49 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
FX R HAND; PUNCHED COUNTER- WAS UPSET. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 05/13/2004 | Age: 27 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LT AHND CONTUSION, SPRAIN, AT HOME YESTERDAY, PUNCHED A COUNTER, NOW HAND SWOLLEN |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 05/03/2004 | Age: 79 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LEFT HAND CONT. PT FELL ON COUNTER HITTING HAND. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 05/02/2004 | Age: 18 months | Sex: Female | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
CUT HAND ON COUNTER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/30/2004 | Age: 32 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
R HAND CONT/32YOF STRUCK R HAND ON KITCHEN COUNTER AT HOME. C/O PAIN. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/26/2004 | Age: 10 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Strain, Sprain |
Product: Counters or countertops |
GOT LT HAND STUCK UNDER COUNTER. ACUTE SPRAIN LT HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/18/2004 | Age: 16 years | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops, Bicycles or accessories |
HAND CT-HIT A COUNTER & THEN FELL OFF HIS BIKE |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/13/2004 | Age: 47 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Crushing |
Product: Counters or countertops |
47 Y/O M INJURED R HAND WHEN DROPPED MABLE COUNTER TOP ON IT AT HOME. DX; CRUSH INJURY R HAND. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/08/2004 | Age: 35 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT PUNCHED COUNTER IN ANGRY OUTBURST. D: METACARPAL FX. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/07/2004 | Age: 9 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops, Basketball |
PATIENT STANDING ON BASKETBALL IN KITCHEN AT HOME, JUMPED OFF AND HIT H AND ON COUNTER OR TABLE; HAND CONTUSION |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/01/2004 | Age: 7 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Burns, Scald |
Product: Counters or countertops, Other ranges |
JUMPED UP ON COUNTER, PUSHED OFF ON HOT STOVE/RANGE DX 1ST AND 2ND DEGR EE BURN TO PALM |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/01/2004 | Age: 15 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Strain, Sprain |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT HIT HAND ON COUNTER TODAY. D:HAND SPRAIN. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/29/2004 | Age: 44 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT. HIT HAND ON COUNTER AT HOME. DX. CONT R HAND. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/25/2004 | Age: 21 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT PUNCHED COUNTER 4 DAYS AGO. DX: FX R FIFTH METACARPAL. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/19/2004 | Age: 41 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT WALKING BY COUNTER, HIT LT HAND ON COUNTER, CONTUSION LT HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/14/2004 | Age: 23 months | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Counters or countertops, Adhesives |
FOUND SITTING ON COUNTER PLAYING WITH GLUE OR PVC CEMENT, ON LEG/HAND, CONCERN OF INGESTION, NO SYMPTOMS; UNLIKELY INGESTION, SKIN EXPOSURE |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/11/2004 | Age: 27 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops, Floors or flooring materials |
PT FELL OFF THE COUNTER TOP STRIKING RIGHT FIFST AGAINST THE FLOOR AS H E FELL FRACTURED HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/08/2004 | Age: 24 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT CUT LEFT HAND ON GRANITE ROCK COUNTERTOP LEFT HAND LACERATION |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/07/2004 | Age: 36 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT GOT ANGRY AND PUNCHED A COUNTER TOP AT HOME FRACTURED RIGHT HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 02/22/2004 | Age: 66 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
TRIPPED OVER CAT, HIT RT. HAND ON COUNTER DX: ABRASION HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 02/18/2004 | Age: 33 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LEFT HAND FRACTURE.PT FELL INTO A COUNTER AND INJURED HAND. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 02/17/2004 | Age: 92 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT FELL IN THE BATHROOM AT HOME STRIKING LEFT HAND AGAINST THE COUNTER LACERATION HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 02/17/2004 | Age: 17 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
FELL, SCRAPED HAND ON EDGE OF COUNTER/ LEFT WITHOUT TREATMENT |
Disposition: Left without being seen/Left against medical advice (AMA) |
Date: 02/06/2004 | Age: 30 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
CONTUSION TO HAND WHEN STRUCK ON COUNTER TOP |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 02/01/2004 | Age: 19 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT C/O RT HAND INJURY. PT HIT HAND ON COUNTER. DX FRACT RT HAND. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/24/2004 | Age: 16 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
FRACTURE RIGHT HAND - HIT HAND OFF *** KITCHEN COUNTER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/23/2004 | Age: 48 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Counters or countertops |
PT GOT ANGRY AND PUNCHED A COUNTER FRACTURED RIGHT HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/20/2004 | Age: 16 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
HIT HAND ON KITCHEN COUNTER DX CONTUSION RIGHT HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/08/2004 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Counters or countertops |
LAC HAND FELL OFF COUNTER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/08/2004 | Age: 28 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Hand | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Counters or countertops |
HIT WRIST ON COUNTER TOP AND CONTUSED HAND |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
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