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Back to NEISS Data Home, Hospital Data.
Number Of Accidents (Estimate): 1,376
See also: Other age groups, Other products, Other body parts.
National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Accidents Records
Date: 12/16/2010 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Televisions |
2YOM PLAYING AROUND PULLED A DRESSER OR A TELEVISION ONTO HIS LEG, TWIS TING HIS LEG UNDERNEATH IT; FEMUR FX |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/05/2010 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
2YOM ABR UPR LEG ON DRESSER |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 07/04/2010 | Age: 21 months | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Televisions |
21 MONTH OLD MALE STOOD IN DRAWER OF DRESSER AND TV FLIPPED OVER ON HIM FEMUR FRACTURE |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/14/2010 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
4 YR M DRESSER FELL ON HIM;DX FRACTURED UPPER LEG |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 02/12/2010 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Televisions |
3YOM CLIMBED ON A DRESSER THAT HAD A TV ON TOP, AT HOME, & PULLED THEM OVER, THEY FELL TO THE SIDE OF HIM- RT L;EG PAIN. DX; THIGH CONTUSIO |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/04/2010 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
2 YOM PT WAS IN BEDROOM WHEN BUREAU FELL ON HIS LEFT LOWER EXTREMITY DX FEMUR FX CLOSED |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 11/16/2009 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
PT CUT UPPER LEG ON METAL DRESSER HANDLE. DX.LACERATION UPPER LEG |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 07/18/2009 | Age: 14 months | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
PT WAS AT GRANDMAS HOUSE WHEN HE RAN INTO AN OPENED DRESSER DRAWER. HAS LAC TO HIS R UPPER LEG. DX LEG LAC |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/18/2009 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
RUNNING IN KITCHEN AND RAN INTO A DRAWER HAS LAC TO R THIGH |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 12/25/2008 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Televisions |
PT CLIMBING A DRESSER ON WHICH THERE WAS A 25 INCH TV SET THAT FELL ONT O THIGH CONTUSION TO THIGH |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/14/2008 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Strain, Sprain |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Bunk beds |
KNOCKED OVER BY WIND/JUMPING OFF BUNK BEDS/DRESSERS PLAYING W/COUSINS A T AUNT'S HOUSE, FELL AGAIN AT ***S;PULLED LEG MUSCLE VS HEMA |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 02/23/2008 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Floors or flooring materials |
R THIGH LAC/2YOM AT HOME WAS PLAYING/JUMPING ON THE FLOOR ABOUT 5 MIN A GO W/BROTHER & BUMPED R SIDE AGAINST DRESSER CAUSING LACERATION. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 05/16/2007 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
4 YOM JUMPED DOWN FROM DRESSER AT FRIEND'S HOUSE AND HIT LEFT THIGH SUS TAINING A CONTUSION |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/11/2006 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
PT SUST CONTUSION TO LEG DRESSER FELL ON PT |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/18/2006 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
PT PULLED A DRESSER ONTO UPPER LEG.DX UPPER LEG FX |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 07/05/2006 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
FX UPPER LEG ,FELL OFF DRESSER |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 01/01/2006 | Age: 15 months | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
DRESSER FELL ONTO PT DX: POSS FEMUR FX |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/25/2005 | Age: 5 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
CLIMBING ON DRESSER, FELL " THIGH CONTS" |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/17/2005 | Age: 23 months | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
DRESSER FELL ON PT AT 9:00. DX: FX FEMUR. |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 08/10/2005 | Age: 5 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
5 YO KNOCKED INTO DRESSER BY COUSIN FX THIGH |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 07/30/2005 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
CHILD CLIMBING ON DRESSER WHEN DRESSER FELL ONTO PATIENT. D: FEMUR FX. ADMIT. |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 06/11/2005 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
LACERATION THIGH - CHILD WAS CLIMBING AND FELL OFF DRESSER AT HOME - 1" LACERATION |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/10/2005 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Female | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Beds or bedframes |
PT WAS JUMPING ON BED - FELL AND CUT THIGH ON DRESSER. D: LEFT THIGH LACERATION |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/24/2005 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
PATIENT JUMPED OFF DRESSER AT HOME, THIGH PAIN; LEG PAIN |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/09/2005 | Age: 19 months | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Burns, Scald |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Radiators |
1ST & 2ND DEGREE BURNS TO BILATERAL THIGHS. PT CAUGHT BETWEEN WALL, STEAM RADIATOR & DRESSER. |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 10/19/2004 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Female | Race: Black/African American |
Location: School | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
CONTUSION R UPPER LEG, VIA EMS, PARENTS ST PT BUMPED INTO A DESK & SUST INJURY AT THE SCHOOL, C/O SEVERE PAIN, TENDERNESS. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/07/2004 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Televisions |
PT WAS CLIMBING ON A DRESSER AND A TV FELL ONTO LEG. DX UPPER LEG FX. |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 08/04/2004 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
UNPACKED DESK FELL ONTO PTS RIGHT THIGH. D: RIGHT FEMUR FRACTURE |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 11/12/2003 | Age: 15 months | Sex: Female | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
15 MON OLD O FEMALE W/THIGH PAIN. MOM STS 10 DAYS AGO, A DRESSER FELL O N THIGH @ HOME. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/03/2003 | Age: 23 months | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Televisions |
PT. BECAME ENTANGLED IN A CHEST OF DRAWERS WITH A T.V. ON TOP OF DRAWER S. EVERYTHING FELL ON PT. DX. FX. FEMUR, NASAL ABR. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/01/2003 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
JUMPED OFF DRESSER, CUT LEG ON DRAWER. DX. LAC BACK OF R THIGH. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/25/2003 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
DRESSER FELL ONTO PT. DX: CONT R THIGH/KNEE/LEG/ANKLE. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/16/2002 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
DRESSER FELL ON RIGHT LEG - PT NOT BEARING WEIGHT ON LEFT THIGH. D: F ALL / ABRASION / CONTUSION LEFT THIGH |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/01/2002 | Age: 23 months | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
CHEST OF DRAWERS FELL OVER DX. FEMUR FX |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 08/31/2002 | Age: 23 months | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Aquariums or accessories |
PT PULLED OVER DRESSER W/AQUARIUM FALLING ON HER. DX: MULT LACS 44MM, 24MM, 15MM. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/05/2002 | Age: 5 years | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
PT FELL OFF DRESSER, HTI LEFT GROIN AND KNEE ON EDGE. D: FALL / CONTU SION RIGHT KNEE AND THIGH |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/27/2002 | Age: 5 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
FELL AGAINST DESK DX. THIGH LAC |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/26/2002 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Strain, Sprain |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
PT WAS CLIMBING ON DRESSER AND HAS IINJURY. DX: STRAIN/CONT L LEG. |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 03/22/2002 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
SMALL DRESSER FELL ON LEG/RT FEMUR FX |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 02/27/2002 | Age: 18 months | Sex: Female | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Computers |
FELL OFF DESK, FAX MACHINE FELL ON HER THIGH & LEG CONTUSION |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/18/2001 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Floors or flooring materials |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 05/26/2001 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 04/20/2001 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 03/02/2001 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and transferred to another hospital |
Date: 12/22/2000 | Age: 3 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 11/30/2000 | Age: 8 months | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 11/11/2000 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 11/08/2000 | Age: 2 years | Sex: Male | Race: White |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and transferred to another hospital |
Date: 03/26/2000 | Age: 23 months | Sex: Male | Race: Other |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 09/27/1999 | Age: 11 months | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 09/22/1999 | Age: 21 months | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Contusion Or Abrasion |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/22/1999 | Age: 5 years | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 08/05/1999 | Age: 5 years | Sex: Female | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 07/21/1999 | Age: 5 years | Sex: Male | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Other |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 05/15/1999 | Age: 23 months | Sex: Female | Race: Black/African American |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Beds |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 02/13/1999 | Age: 12 months | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets, Mirrors or mirror glass |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 06/25/1998 | Age: 12 months | Sex: Female | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Home | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 01/01/1998 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Laceration |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
Date: 10/15/1997 | Age: 14 months | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) |
Date: 01/06/1997 | Age: 4 years | Sex: Male | Race: Not stated in ER record |
Location: Not recorded | Fire: No fire involvement or fire involvement not recorded |
Body part: Upper Leg | Diagnosis: Fracture |
Product: Desks, chests, bureaus or buffets |
Disposition: Treated and released or examined and released without treatment |
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